Anarchism Throughout History and Whether Anarchism is Radical

Abstract

Jack Textor delivers a detailed and thoughtful examination of anarchism as both a historical and ideological movement. The essay distinguishes between social anarchism and individualist anarchism, tracing their philosophical roots, core beliefs, and differing views on human nature, government, and social responsibility. Drawing from political theorists like Leo Tolstoy and Mikhail Bakunin, Textor explores methods employed by anarchists, from pacifism to violent revolution, and discusses how each reflects the broader goals of creating a society free from coercive institutions. The essay also questions whether anarchism, in its intent and methods, should be classified as a radical ideology, ultimately suggesting that it can be — depending on the actor and their chosen means of change. In its closing, the paper situates anarchism in the context of recent U.S. events such as the Capitol riots, highlighting the ambiguity of labeling and the evolving nature of political trust and ideology.